The following is not medical advice. It is the result of studies I have done on nutrition.

Your Doctors will have a specific program of drugs to give you while you are having treatment including antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals and gut sterilisers. They do not want you to be taking any other herbs or nutritional mixes that might interact with their drug program as they are concerned about unknown interactions.

However, in speaking to my Doctors at the Ruth Myles Unit in London, they have no concerns about the taking of vitamins and minerals. The fact is that with the quantity of drugs you will be receiving, many of the vitamins and minerals in your body will be depleted trying to chemically combine with the drugs to get them out of your body. For example, vitamin C helps to neutralise adrenal hormones and so is rapidly consumed by the body under stress. The drug regimen can also result in some unnecessary mental and physiological stress which can be avoided by taking some supplements of B vitamins and the minerals Calcium and Magnesium.

The following is information on how each supplement influences your immunity only. Vitamins, minerals, good nutrition and exercise play a much larger role than this in maintaining our overall health and well being but I have not included that information in this study.

Because most vitamins work together with other vitamins and minerals, taking supplements of single vitamins may be a waste of money. For example, vitamins C, E and the mineral selenium work together, as do vitamin D, calcium and magnesium and potassium.

 

Vitamin & Mineral Supplements

Vitamin A:

• Vitamin A is depleted by fluorescent lights, mineral oil, coffee, alcohol, all kinds of drugs, excessive intake of iron (as in many blood transfusions) and lack of available protein in the body.
• A powerful anti-viral vitamin mainly because its inclusion in cell walls makes them stronger and more resistant to viral attack. Sweat, tears, and saliva need vitamin A to produce a protective antibacterial enzyme .
• It is also needed for the production of growth hormone which is vital for maintaining an active thymus . If growth hormone is in short supply, the thymus shrinks and T cells are not processed, reducing their number. B cells are also adversely affected.
• In tests, beta-carotene obtained from foods has increased base levels of T-helper and NK cells .
• Best taken as a food supplying Beta-Carotene (which the body can use to convert to Vitamin A) providing at least 10,000 iu of Vitamin A with Vitamin E as tests have shown that we need to absorb the entire spectrum of 40 or more carotenoids , all of which are found in such plant foods as apricots, cantaloupes, carrots, sweet potatoes and just about all fruits and vegetables that have a rich orange colour, as well as in greens like broccoli, kale and spinach.

Caution: Be sure to avoid Vitamin A capsule supplements if pregnant. Do not worry about eating plant foods rich in beta-carotene though.

Vitamin A references:

Bendich, A. 1989. "Carotenoids and the immune response." Journal of Nutrition 119: 112-15

Garewal, H. S. et al. 1992. "A preliminary trial of beta-carotene in subjects infected with the human immunodeficiency virus." Journal of Nutrition 122: 728-32

Murata, T. et al. 1994. "Effect of long-term administration of beta-carotene on lymphocyte subsets in humans." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60: 587-602

 

Vitamin B Complex:

• A family of essential nutrients vital for every single cell in our bodies including the immune system. An artificial deficiency can be caused in some of the B vitamins if you only take 1 or 2 of them individually. These vitamins are easily lost in food refining or cooking; they can also be washed from the body by coffee, tea, alcohol and heavy perspiration. Physically stressful conditions can deplete the body of B vitamins.
• A vitamin B6 deficiency lessens the activity of the phagocytic cells so they cannot clean up micro-organisms and debris.
• Severe B6 deficiency results in no antibody formation at all.
• Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) is necessary for antibody production and helps macrophages and killer T cells do their job.
• B12 and folic acid are needed for the proper production of lymphocytes and is vital for the red blood cells health and transport of oxygen. Without these the stem cells cannot produce the blood cells.
• Choline is converted to another substance which increases Lymphocyte production.
• An adult dosage of B Complex supplement should be 50 - 100 mg of B1, B2, B3, B5 and B6 plus at least 10mcg of B12 and 100 mcg or more of folic acid and biotin.
• Extra B5 and B6 can be taken above the amounts in the B Complex to give an additional boost to immunity.
• Capsules are better than the tablets as they are absorbed easier.

Vitamin B references:

Bum, M.K. et al. "Association of vitamin B6 status with parameters of immune function in early HIV infection." AIDS journal 1991

 

Vitamin C:

• Vitamin C is depleted by antibiotics, aspirin and other pain relievers, coffee, cortisone, smoking anything, stress, burns and high fevers.
• Vitamin C is strongly anti-viral. It has proved successful against every virus tested so far, from HIV to the common cold.
• Prostaglandin production in the blood platelets is boosted by Vitamin C which in turn increases T cell production.
• Vitamin C is needed for a special kind of cell division which results in a rapid increase of both B-cells & T-cells. The Flu virus actually works by depressing this type of cell division.
• Vitamin C provides protection against viral infection by strengthening connective tissue and neutralising toxic substances that are released by the phagocytes . Its direct antiviral action appears to be through the suppression of virus replication and the annihilation of virus-infected cells. Research confirms that vitamin C is antiviral, antibacterial and anticancer.
• One study evaluated 55 patients who had toxic chemical exposure. Initial evaluations determined low to inadequate Natural Killer cell and B-Cell activity. Each patient was given 60 mg of Vitamin C per Kilogram body weight. Immune levels were measured every 24 hours. In 78 percent of patients, natural killer cell activity increased tenfold and B-cell function improved to normal after only 24 hours of supplementation.
• Infected cells produce more interferon when they have sufficient Vitamin C,.
• Vitamin C blocks the synthesis of viral proteins which are essential for infected cells to be replicated.
• Vitamin C either kills or hinders the growth of bacteria depending on the type of bug.
• C3 complement production is improved with Vitamin C which in turn triggers B Cells to manufacture more antibodies , especially IgA, IgG and IgM .
• Vitamin C enables phagocytic cells to carry out their cleaning up function. They can only work if they contain at least 20 mcg of Vitamin C per 100 million cells.
• Vitamin C detoxifies, partially at least, many bacterial toxins, depending on the bug.
• Note.. one cigarette smoked eliminates 25 mg of vitamin C from the body in it's effort to remove the toxins.
• Apart from stimulating natural antibacterial factors in the body, Vitamin C also improves the performance of antibiotics .
• Vitamin C is used by phagocytes combined with hydrogen peroxide and some minerals, especially zinc compounds, to kill micro-organisms. In those who are deficient in Vitamin C, bacteria are engulfed but not digested or destroyed.
• Take Vitamin C with bioflavonoids (usually the capsules contain both) which strengthens its action. Ideally, take 500 mg - 3000 mg per day. Capsules usually come in 500 mg or 1000 mg sizes. When fighting an infection (not at the hospital), you can take the powdered form and mix up to 6 grams in a drink and drink this throughout the day. You can take this up to bowel tolerance, which means, if it starts causing diarrhoea, cut back. If the ascorbic acid version of Vitamin C is hard on your stomach, try the alkaline version.. calcium ascorbate or magnesium ascorbate. Drink lots of water with it.

Vitamin C references:

Hemila, H. 1994. "Does vitamin C alleviate the symptoms of the common cold. A review of current evidence." Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 26: 4-5

Heuser, G., and A. Vojdani. 1997. "Enhancement of natural killer cell activity and T and B cell function by buffered vitamin C in patients exposed to toxic chemicals: The role of protein Kinase C." Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology.

Jeng, Kee-Ching G et al. 1996. "Supplementation with vitamin C and E enhances cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy adults." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

Vitamin D:

• Vitamin D is needed by the suppressor T cells to deactivate the immune system .
• A 1995 study at Tufts University Human Nutritional Research Center found that adults need more vitamin D than the RDA of 200 IU. Researchers concluded that we need at least 400 IU and for slender, fair-skinned Caucasian or Asian women, possibly as much as 800 IU.

Vitamin E:

• Vitamin E, in conjunction with selenium and vitamin C is one of the most potent immune protectors.
• It works with Vitamin C in that after the Vitamin E does it's action, the Vitamin C restores it so it can do it again and again.
• Vitamin E also helps in boosting immunity. Adult dosage is up to 600 iu. More does not give any extra benefit. In animals exposed to infection, Vitamin E gives a fourfold increase in survival rate.
• The most active form of Vitamin E is the natural content d-alpha tocopherol with mixed tocopherols, preferably with a high gamma tocopherol content. The dl-alpha tocopherol type is a synthetic version and is not as effective.

Vitamin E references:

Jeng, Kee-Ching G et al. 1996. "Supplementation with vitamin C and E enhances cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in healthy adults". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

Prasad, A.S. 1980. "Effect of vitamin E supplementation on leukocyte function." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 33: 606

Calcium:

• Calcium is needed by phagocytic cells in order to attach themselves to and ingest foreign materials.
• Cytotoxic T cells need calcium in order to make the enzymes which kill.
• Complement proteins cannot join together to become active without calcium.
• Calcium is needed to destroy viruses and to produce a mild fever (which enhances the role of the macrophages ).
• For calcium to work, it must first be metabolised by Vitamin D, so it must be taken in conjunction with this. Also it must be taken with magnesium to make it soluble and because calcium works together with magnesium in maintaining bone density and in nerves and muscles. There also must be enough stomach acid to dissolve it unless it is predissolved as in the Calcium/Magnesium drink formula below.
• Corticosteroid drugs such a Prednisolone eliminate much of the Calcium from the body.

Having too much salt on your food pulls the calcium out of your bones and eliminates it as does too much fat or protein in our diet, smoking and excessive drinking.

To get the most benefit from your calcium supplements, you should take them in divided doses - no more than 600 mg at a time between meals with orange juice, milk or yoghurt to help in the absorption. Make sure you take your last calcium supplement just before bedtime because most of the calcium seeps out of our bones while we sleep.

Absorption of calcium is very inefficient. Enough stomach acid must be present to dissolve it, and enough magnesium to keep it soluble. Ideally, a calcium/magnesium drink in cider vinegar is the most absorbable. For the ideal Calcium/Magnesium formula, mix the following in a teacup:

• 1 level tablespoon of Calcium Gluconate in the cup
• 1/2 level teaspoon of Magnesium Carbonate
• Add 1 level tablespoon of Cider Vinegar and stir (choose Organic as there is a big taste difference).
• Add boiling water and stir. The mixture should fizz and then go clear as the magnesium makes the calcium soluble and the cider vinegar dissolves it. Cider vinegar has it's own health benefits. The Calcium and Magnesium can be purchased from a drug store.

Failing this, a chelated capsule would be best. You should supplement your diet with 1,200 mg to 1,500 mg per day unless you are are a woman over menopause. It is now known that even a supplement of 2,000 mg daily only slightly slows the rate of bone loss after menopause, yet 73% of women get less than 500 mg per day. In this case, take 2,000 mg per day divided into 3 between meal periods with orange juice, milk or yoghurt.

If all you can get is the tablet form, you should do the Vinegar Test which will determine whether it will be absorbable by your body. •Drop your calcium supplement into a glass of vinegar. Wait 30 minutes. If it hasn't dissolved, switch brands. You need to get a calcium supplement which will dissolve to benefit. I bring up this point on tablets as a consumer show called "Watchdog" did a report on calcium tablets in late 1999 showing how almost all the tablets would not dissolve and were thereby useless.

Magnesium:

• Magnesium is vital for antibody production and proper operation of the thymus .
• When stress hormones flood the body during periods of tension, magnesium is drained from all immune cells, lowering resistance to virus infections and leaving a person feeling tired and exhausted.
• A daily supplement of 250 mg or more of magnesium soon relieves anxiety and improves sleep. As with so many nutrients, however, the benefits of magnesium are almost doubled when it is taken in conjunction with calcium.

 

Iron:

• As we are getting blood transfusions, we probably have too much iron. It is essential for the production of antibodies , white blood cells and the enzymes made by the macrophages and neutrophils .
• As bacteria also need iron for their reproduction, it is best to try to keep iron levels down during an infection.
• When you take your multimineral, try to choose one with low or no iron.

Selenium:

• British soil is very low in selenium so the food we eat will be deficient in it as well.
• Selenium helps in the production of antibodies . Research on animals has shown that there is no antibody production at all when they are deprived of Vitamin E and Selenium.
• Without Selenium, white blood cells lose their efficiency in recognising invaders.
• Research has shown that selenium supplementation activates Natural Killer cell activity.
• It is important in keeping the immune system in balance and handling autoimmune disorders.
• Supplement diet with 100mcg to 200mcg of Selenium.
• Sodium Selenite is the best form to take according to research.
• Benefits are increased when taken with Vitamin E and Vitamin C.

Selenium references:

Kiremidijian-Schumacher, L et al. 1994. "Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell function. Its effect on cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells." Biological Trace Element Research 41: 115-27

Levander, O., and M. Beck. 1996. "Selenium deficiency results in viral virulence." Journal of the American College of Nutrition.

Zinc:

• Zinc is probably the most deficient mineral in Britain.
• Zinc in needed to produce a hormone which is necessary for T cell maturation. It is also anti-viral in doses of 100 mg a day as a lozenge for coughs and colds. This amount should only be taken for a short time though.
• Zinc is the most important mineral to the thymus gland . It is so important, in fact that even if you have a small or malfunctioning thymus, zinc supplements can reverse and rejuvenate it. Studies show that after only ten days of zinc supplementation at a level of 2 mg per kg of body weight, the thymus size measurably increases.
• Another study reported a 221% increase in T lymphocyte function once a zinc deficiency had been corrected.
• Supplementation with zinc increases the ability of macrophages to digest invaders, dead cells and other debris, and enhances the ability of the immune system to eliminate bacteria.
• Blood transfusions increase the amount of iron in the body which in turn reduces the amount of zinc stored and absorbed. If you are having many blood transfusions, it will reduce your zinc levels and you will have to take a bit extra to counteract this.
• Supplement the diet with a minimum of 15 mg per day.
• Note: 50 mg of Zinc Gluconate (as a lozenge) will give you 5 mg of actual zinc.

Caution: If you take a zinc supplement, your multimineral supplement must also supply 2 mg or more of copper daily, since zinc can impair the body's ability to absorb copper. Never take more than 30 mg of zinc daily on a long-term basis. Megadoses over time will merely suppress immunity. Also do not take the therapeutic doses until after your medical treatment is complete.

Read your drug lable warnings. The antibiotic Ciprofloxacin should not be taken within 2 hours of taking zinc, iron or magnesium supplements.

As the thymus is very active in children up to puberty, they should only have the smaller doses of zinc. The extra therapeutic doses are not necessary to activate it again.

Zinc references:

Challem. J. "Zinc supplements can boost immunity, improve sense of taste some of the time." The Nutrition Reporter 1998: 9(10)

Eby, G. A. et al. 1984. "Reduction in duration of the common cold by zinc gluconate lozenges in a double-blind study." Antimicrobial Agents Chemotherapy.

Fortes, C. 1995. "Ageing, zinc and cell-mediated immune responses." Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research 7:75-76

Prasad, A.S. 1995 "Zinc: an overview." Nutrition Reviews.

Sandstead, Harold, and Nancy Alcock. 1997. "Zinc: An essential and unheralded nutrient." Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine.

Sazawal, S. et al. 1998. "Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and pre-school children: A double-blind, controlled study." Pediatrics 102: 1-5

Herbs

Cat's Claw:

• Some of the chemicals present in the herb may also add protection from pain. This may explain, in part, how cat's claw has been helpful in reducing pain associated with chemotherapy and radiation treatment. (see first reference)
• Unique alkaloids (substances containing nitrogen and found in many plants) in Cat's Claw seem to enhance the immune system in a general way. These alkaloids have a pronounced effect on the ability of white blood cells to engulf and digest harmful micro-organisms and foreign matter. Austrian researcher Klaus Keplinger has obtained two U.S. patents for isolating some of the herb's major components. According to these patents, four alkaloids in Cats Claw have been proven "suitable for the unspecified stimulation of the immunologic system". Laboratory testing has shown these alkaloids have a pronounced enhancement effect on phagocytosis (the ability of the white blood cells and macrophages to attack, engulf and digest harmful micro-organisms, foreign matter and debris). The most immunologically active alkaloid has also been shown to increase the production of white blood cells and specifically Helper T-cells , thus blocking the advance of many viral illnesses. Other substances in cat's claw back up the immune system and protect the body from viruses and virus caused cancers.
• Dr. Donna Schwontkowski, D.C., calls cat's claw the most powerful immune-enhancer of all the herbs native to the Peruvian Amazon. Preliminary studies suggest that the herb has the ability to stop viral infections in the early stages, help patients who are chemically sensitive, fight opportunistic infections in AIDS patients and decrease the visible size of some skin tumours and cysts. According to Dr. Satya Ambrose, N. D., cats claw seems to enhance overall immunity while increasing stamina and energy in patients who suffer from physical and mental exhaustion due to an overactive or stressful lifestyle.
• Phillip N. Steinberg, C.N.C., who has been studying the use of cat's claw since 1993, recommends three to six grams daily in divided doses for therapeutic use. For maintenance, he suggests one to three grams daily in divided doses. In advanced stages of illness, up to twenty grams daily has been used for several weeks at a time. A concentrated, standardised extract (a 4:1 ratio for example) is recommended because it contains higher amounts of vital alkaloids and other beneficial constituents of the plant. Extracts of the bark are just as potent as root and will preserve the plant for future generations. The Peruvian government no longer allows harvesting the root.
• In an article in Newlife, this herb was described as having so many therapeutic uses that it far surpasses such well known botanicals as Echinacea, Golden Seal, Astragalus, Siberian Ginseng, as well as Reishi and Shiitake mushrooms. ("Cat's Claw - A Wonder Herb from the Peruvian Rain Forest", Newlife, February, 1995)

  European research has found cat's claw to be virtually non-toxic and it seems to be safe, even for children. About half the adult dose is suggested for children under 12.

Caution: Since cat's claw stimulates the immune system and rejection of foreign matter, anyone who has had or is a candidate for Immunosuppressive Therapy or organ or marrow transplant should not take this herb before the medical treatment is completely over.

Cat's Claw References:

Steinberg, Phillip N., C.N.C. Uncaria Tomentosa (Cat's Claw) a Wondrous Herb from the Peruvian Rain Forest, Townsend Letter for Doctors, May, 1994.

Steinberg, Phillip N., C.N.C., Uncaria Tomentosa ("Cat's Claw"): Wonder Herb from the Amazon, Herb Quarterly, Winter, 1995.

Steinberg, Phillip N., C.N.C., Cat's Claw Update (Uncaria Tomentosa) That Wondrous Herb from the Peruvian Rain Forest, Townsend Letter for Doctors, August/September, 1995.

Whitaker, Julian, Take Una de Gato for All-Around Immunity, Health & Healing, May, 1995.

Sanchez, Don, D.C., Cat's Claw, New Editions Health World, Dec., 1995, p.40-45.

Babal, Ken, C.N., Cat's Claw: Healing Herb from the Amazon, Health Store News, Dec., 1995/Jan., 1996, p.6.

Blumenthal, Mark, Una de Gato (Cat's Claw) Rainforest Herb Gets Scientific and Industry Attention, Whole Foods Magazine, October, 1995.

Schwontkowski, Donna, D.C., Herbal Treasures from the Amazon, Part 1, Healthy and Natural Journal, Oct., 1994 p.64-65.

DeVos, M., Articular Diseases and the Gut: Evidence for a Strong Relationship between Spondylarthropy and Inflammation of the Gut in Man, ACTA Clinica Belgica, 1990; 45(1):20-24.

Hazenberg, M.P., Intestinal Flora and Arthritis: Why the Joint?, Scand. Jrnl. of Rheum., 1995; 24(Suppl. 101):207-211.

New Quinovic Glycosides from Uncaria Tomentosa, Journal of Natural Products, Vol. 51, No. 2:257-61, Mar./Apr., 1988.

Echinacea:

Echinacea is the best known and one of the most researched of immunostimulants. It was among the most popular herbs used by Native American Indians. At least 14 tribes used Echinacea for a coughs, colds, sore throats, infections, toothaches, inflammations, tonsillitis, and snake bites, among other uses. It was used by the Dakotas Indian tribes as a veterinary medicine for their horses.

By the early Twentieth century, echinacea had become the best selling medicinal tincture in America, used for a variety of internal and external conditions. But by 1910 it had been dismissed as worthless by the AMA , although it continued to be used. Echinacea fell into disuse in this country in the 1930's. However, Europeans began growing and using echinacea, especially the Germans, and to this day have produced the best scientific documentation of its value. The extract's popularity in the U.S. grew rapidly during the 1980s, and the plant is now again among America's best-selling herb extracts.

During the Eisenhower era, research showed that echinacea extract can directly inhibit viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal infections. By the 70s and 80s, more sophisticated research revealed that substances in echinacea, dubbed echinacosides, not only increase the number of white blood cells , but also supercharge the capacity of these human defensive cells to destroy foreign invaders. Most recently, a 1997 study, by See, Broumand, Sahl and Tilles, published in the January issue of Immunopharmacology, revealed that echinacea extract can enhance specific areas of immune function in both normal individuals and those with AIDS.

• Echinacea possesses interferon -like properties and is an effective anti-viral agent against flu and herpes.
• Echinacea inhibits an enzyme which organisms use to break through the skin and mucous membranes to enter the body.
• Echinacea shows general immune-stimulating activity and weak antibiotic activity. It has demonstrated antibacterial and antifungal action and also stimulates the complement system that helps kill bacteria and viruses.
• One study on a group of healthy men found that, after five days of taking 30 drops of Echinacea extract three times a day, their white blood cells had doubled their phagocytic power.
• Echinacea binds to T-cells and other WBC . It activates T-cells and increases production of interferon which results in enhanced T-cell production and macrophage phagocytosis, natural killer cell activity and increased neutrophils .
• Echinacea causes an increase in the number of immune cells, further enhancing the overall activity of the immune system. Echinacea also stimulates the production of interferon as well as other important products of the immune system.
• It activates the macrophages that destroy both cancerous cells and pathogens , and increases the level of phagocytosis by raising levels of white blood cells such as the neutrophils, monocytes , eosinophils , and B lymphocytes .
• The most consistently proven effect of echinacea is in stimulating phagocytosis, or the consumption of invading organisms by white blood cells and lymphocytes . To prove this, scientists incubate human white blood cells, yeast cells and echinacea extract. They examine the blood cells microscopically and count the numbers of yeast cells gobbled up by the blood cells. Extracts of echinacea can increase phagocytosis by 20-40%. Another test, called "the carbon clearance" test, measures the speed with which injected carbon particles are removed from the bloodstream of a mouse. The quicker the mouse can remove the injected foreign particles, the more its immune system has been stimulated. In this test too, echinacea extracts excel, confirming the fact that the plant increases the activity of immune system cells so they can more quickly eliminate invading organisms and foreign particles.
• Echinacea is best taken either as capsules of the powdered herb (2000 mg a day), or as drops of a concentrated extract (usually 20 drops three times a day).
• European clinics do not use continuous doses of echinacea but rather alternate three days on and three days off. This is because some testing shows that the immune system in healthy subjects can only be stimulated briefly before returning to its normal state. After several days without stimulation, immunostimulants can again be effective.

Caution: Since Echinacea stimulates the immune system, anyone who has had or is a candidate for Immunosuppressive Therapy or organ or marrow transplant should not take this herb before the treatment is completely over. It should also not be used if you suffer from an autoimmune disease such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.

Echinacea References:

Onkologie 1987 Jun;10(3 Suppl):27-33

Arzneimittelforschung 1988 Feb;38(2):276-81 (Published in German) I have English transcript.

Arch Geschwulstforsch 1990;60(5):379-83

J Natl Cancer Inst 1989 May 3;81(9):669-75

Int J Immunopharmacol 1991;13(7):931-41

Infect Immun 1984 Dec;46(3):845-9

Astragalus:

Chinese astragalus root is widely used throughout the Orient as a tonic food and medicinal plant can now be purchased in good health food stores It has been shown in studies to bring back the immune system after chemo- and radiation therapy.

Perhaps the best evidence to date for the powerful immunostimulant effects of astragalus come from the University of Texas Medical Center in Houston. There, scientists tested damaged immune system cells from cancer patients, compared against cells from the blood of normal human subjects. Astragalus extracts were able to completely restore the function of cancer patients' immune cells,,,. In some cases, the compromised cells were stimulated to greater activity than those from normal human subjects. The study concluded, "a complete immune restoration can be achieved by using Astragalus".

• Research has documented that it increases the number of stem cells in the marrow and lymph tissue and stimulates their development into active immune cells which are released into the body.
• Astragalus increases activity of the parent cells of WBC s.
• Astragalus increases the number and activity of phagocytes in peripheral blood and tissue fluid.
• Astragalus improves adherence of enzymatic complement C3 to the surface of macrophage cells so they become much more sensitive and aggressive. In experiments, the activity of the macrophages was significantly enhanced within six hours of treatment, and the enhancement persisted for at least seventy-two hours.
• Astragalus enhances the transformation of lymphocytes into T-cells and restores T-cell counts after therapy. Also increases cytokine activity, especially alpha interferon which inhibits viral activity.
• Astragalus increases the number of stem cells in lymph tissue, and stimulates their development into active immune cells that are released into the body. Long term use (35 days) heightens the activity of spleen cells.
• Astragalus also reduces autoimmune response (which Aplastic Anaemia may be), and stimulates B cells and antibody production.
• Researchers confirmed that astragalus enhances T cell activity and stimulates macrophages.
• Astragalus protects the liver from the damaging effects drug therapies and of toxins that can accumulate.
• Astragalus decreases negative side effects of steroid therapy on the immune system.
• Daily dosage is 55 mg.

Astragalus References:

Bensky, D. and Gamble, A., Chinese Herbal Medicine, 1986, Eastland Press.

Rou, Ma and Ren Fu-Xie, Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1983, 3(3) pp. 199-204.

Iwama, H, et al., 1986, Planta Medica, pp. 247-50.

Mavligit, G.M. et al., 1979, J. Immunology, 123, pp. 2185-88.

Sun, Y., Cancer, 52(1), 1983, 7/3, pp. 70-3.

Chu, D., et al., Clin. Immuno. and Immunopathology, 1987, 45, pp. 48-57.

Chu, D., et al., J. Clin. Lab. Immunol., 1988, 25, 125-9.

Yunde, H., Chinese Medical Journal, 1981, 94(1), pp. 35-40.

Lau, B. et al., Phytotherapy Research, 1989, 3(4), pp. 148-53.  

Elderberry:

• For a virus to take hold, it must first get into body cells, which it does by puncturing their walls with tiny spikes which are covered with an enzyme which helps break down the cell wall. The elderberry inhibits the action of that enzyme.
• Israeli scientists tested a standardised extract of the berry on 40 people and found that it caused a significant improvement in symptoms of the flu or a complete cure in approximately 90 percent of cases within two to three days, compared to six days for a control group. Given the widespread nature of flu epidemics, and the relative shortage of reliable over-the-counter remedies, studies such as this one have boosted elderberry sales in recent years.
• Sambucol, a liquid extract of elderberry is a good brand. I found a UK source at Nature's Store, Unit 2, Jamage Industrial Estate, Talke, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST7 1XN England, Tel: 01782 794300.
• When fighting infection take a desert spoon of elderberry extract four times a day.
• I have also found capsules of the product which should be found at any good health food store.

Shiitake Mushrooms:

Shiitake mushrooms have been used for years in China and Japan for it's immune boosting properties.

• Shiitake mushrooms increases interferon and increase the chemical messages between WBCs .
• They stimulates phagocytosis and cause macrophages to act more quickly and aggressively.
• Shiitake mushrooms stimulate the thymus gland to convert lymphocytes into T-4, T-helper and T-8 cells . T-helper cells increase the effectiveness of macrophages.
• The mushrooms activate the complement system (enzymes in the blood that neutralise toxins) and splits bacterial membranes so that they can more easily be destroyed.
• A therapeutic dose of is 500 mg is recommended if powdered. Shiitake mushrooms are now sold fresh in supermarkets.

Garlic:

• More than 2,500 scientific published papers have reported on the virtues of garlic in benefiting health.
• Current research focuses on garlic's antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antibacterial properties used in the treatment of asthma, heart disease, ear infections, diabetes, colds and flu.
• The sulphur compounds found in garlic are the basis for its immune-enhancing capabilities. Sulphur enhances the function of natural killer cells , thereby boosting the immune system's ability to fight cancerous cells and cells infected by bacteria and viruses.
• In addition to direct antifungal properties, garlic enhances overall immunity, reduces clumping of blood platelets, and there is evidence that compounds in garlic may stimulate macrophages , killer T-cells and NK cells to migrate to a cancer site.
• Garlic has proven ability to help the body detoxify heavy metals, especially mercury. Heavy metal toxicity is a serious burden to the immune system.
• Where an individual has become resistant to antibiotic therapy, garlic, with its powerful antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal activity is a proven alternative.
• Effective taken as raw or cooked cloves (preferably organically grown), liquid and dried extracts, or aged extracts. If you don't wish to use the fresh garlic at a therapeutic dose of 3 large cloves per day, look for products from companies which can document their effectiveness.
• Eat a clove a day for maintenance and a couple cloves a day when there is an infection or possibility of one. There are also tablet brands on the market which are odour free.

 

Other Immune Boosters

 

Glutathione:

No other antioxidant is as important to overall health as glutathione. It is the regenerator of immune cells and the most valuable detoxifying agent in the body. Low levels are associated with early ageing and even death. Optimal levels make your immune cells extremely efficient.

• One study found that when elderly patients with mild glutathione deficiencies were given 75 mg daily, their T-cell activity increased dramatically, they felt healthier and had more energy.
• Taking the amino acid 'Cysteine' - turns into glutathione which detoxifies the body. Glutathione is vital for macrophages to make the chemicals they need to kill invaders, for lymphocyte production and for red blood cell membranes. If taking glutathione supplements, they must be coated or they will break down in the stomach. Also the supplement should include 'Anthocyans' which will recycle the glutathione which will increase the effectiveness of them. It's effectiveness is also increased by taking Vitamin C.
• Research has shown a very important ability of Glutathione to clear foreign chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, and detoxify heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium and nickel from the body. Cysteine cannot replace glutathione for this detoxifying function.
• To ensure adequate blood levels of glutathione, use 75 mg of the most active form, reduced L-glutathione as 99 percent of the glutathione in human tissue is in this reduced active state. Should be taken with selenium, magnesium and Vitamin C.
• Watermelon and avocado are the richest food sources of glutathione.

Glutathione references:

Bray, T.M., and Taylor, C.G. "Enhancement of tissue glutathione for antioxidant and immune functions in malnutrition." Biochemical Pharmacology 1994

Mara, J. et al. 1994. "Glutathione and morbidity in a community-based sample of elderly. "Journal of Clinical Epidemiology." 47: 1021-36

 

Coenzyme Q-10

Important to energy production in the body, Coenzyme Q-10 is often referred to as the spark of life. By the time we are 50 years old, our CoQ-10 level is half what it was when we were 20.

• In doses of 30 to 60 mg per day, has an immune enhancing effect by increasing antibody production.
• It has been found to have antiviral, antibacterial and anti-tumour effects.
• Research shows that macrophage activity is increased with CoQ-10 supplementation.
• In a study published in Clinical Investigator, Dr. K. Folkers found that the antibody, IgG was dramatically increased with a daily dose of only 60 mg of CoQ-10. So dramatic was the increase, Folkers felt that age-associated decline in immune function could easily be reversed with CoQ-10.

Coenzyme Q-10 references:

Folkers, K. et al. 1982. "Increase in levels of IgG in serum of patients treated with coenzyme Q10." Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol.

 

GLA:

• Gets converted to Series 1 Prostaglandin (PG1) which is involved in the regulation of the T-Suppressor cells which are crucial for immune function. Autoimmune diseases are thought to be due to a deficiency of PG1's
• Starflower oil best source of it. 1000mg is sufficient.

 

Grapefruit Seed Extract:

• Available in both liquid and capsule form,is a powerful antibiotic, antifungal and anti-viral agent. Liquid Grapefruit Seed Extract (GSE), called Citricidal, must be well-diluted and used with care to avoid gastrointestinal irritation. GSE capsules,also called Paramicrocidin are gentler and work well at higher dosages (4-6 per day). All forms should be taken at different times of the day from probiotics (acidophilus, etc.) because they can kill good bacteria, too.
• Citricidal comes in drops and is best taken two or three times a day, 15 drops at a time in grapefruit juice.
• Caution, citricidal cannot be taken while you are on Cyclosporin or Tacrolimus.

Caprylic Acid:

• Caprylic Acid from coconuts, is a specific antifungal agent primarily used for eliminating Candida Albicans organism responsible for thrush.
• A short-chain fatty acid, derived from modified coconut oil, it has broad-spectrum antifungal properties if it is absorbed slowly along the length of the gastrointestinal tract . Only sustained-release capsules, or caprylic acid oil (Caproil) taken mixed with psyllium seed (not husk) powder to prolong absorption, are effective. Usual daily doses are 6-9 capsules or 2-4 tablespoons, taken in divided doses. Since it is derived from oil, some patients with poor fat digestion have occasionally not done well with caprylic acid.
• If you are no longer taking Fluconozole as an antifungal, it would be good to substitute it with Caprylic Acid to prevent any fungal infection.
• Health food stores have it as Calcium Caprylate and Magnesium Caprylate.
• Take 400 mg daily. After 5 days if there is still a fungal infection or thrush, increase the dose to 800 mg.

Artemesia:

• Artemesia, also called Wormwood, is a natural broad spectrum antifungal, anti-parasitial and antibacterial agent, often used alongside caprylic acid. It doesn't harm the good bacteria in the gut.

 

 L-Arginine:

L-Arginine is an amino acid.  The body needs higher levels of arginine when it is under conditions of stress, illness, malnutrition or injury. When these conditions are present arginine is essential. With lysine and ornithine, it stimulates the pituitary gland production of human growth hormone, (HGH) which is claimed to reverse ageing process. This in turn stimulates the thymus gland which then boosts the immune response. Production of the human growth hormone by the body decreases with age.  L-Arginine destroys the nitric oxide produced around inflamed arthritic tissue. The nitric oxide also destroys T-cells which enhance the production of antibodies to fight inflammation.  It is interesting that even in those not deficient in arginine, beneficial effects were realised by supplementation.  Should not be taken by those who have herpes.  Sources are nuts, sunflower seeds, chocolate, raisins and brown rice.

Arginine retards the growth of tumours and cancer by enhancing immune function. The thymus gland is the "director" of the immune system and plays a key role in determining the effectiveness of the immune response to cancer. When the body is under attack from cancer, protein loss causes the thymus to shrink, drastically reducing the strength of the body's immune response. Supplements of free-form arginine, acting as the precursor of growth hormone, have shown the ability to increase the size and health of the thymus gland. The immune response becomes more vigorous as the thymus gland produces more of its enzyme, thymosin, which in turn stimulates the spleen and lymph nodes to manufacture higher levels of T lymphocytes.. The T-cells are not only increased in number, but also become more active and effective.

It has also been used as a potential immune stimulant in individuals with suppressed immunity. Safe doses of arginine can range from 500 to 2000 mg per day. Supplementation should not be done continuously for a long period. I suggest that it be used for two to three weeks, followed by a break of one to two weeks. A balanced amino acid supplement can also be used.

2000 mg a day 2 hrs after eating. It is recommended that arginine be taken in combination with 2000 mg of ornithine and 1000 mg of lysine.

Arginine references (Books):

Staying Healthy with Nutrition: The Complete Guide to Diet and Nutritional Medicine

Braverman, Eric. "The Healing Nutrients Within",pg. 222)

Pearson and Shaw. "Life Extension"

 

Colostrum

The past 20 years has witnessed the publication of over 2000 research papers strongly supportive of both colostrum and its numerous components.

What is Colostrum?

Before any animal (mammal) produces milk for it newborn, for the first 24 to 48 hours it produces Colostrum. This contains numerous immune system and growth factors as well as essential nutrients that protect it from destruction in the gastrointestinal tract . It is estimated that colostrum triggers at least fifty processes in the newborn. Bovine (from a cow) colostrum is biologically transferable to all mammals, including man and is much higher in immune factors than human mother's colostrum. Laboratory analyses of immune and growth factors from bovine colostrum are identical to those found in human colostrum except for the fact that the levels of these factors are significantly higher in the bovine version. For example, human colostrum contains 2% of IgG while cow colostrum contains 86% of IgG, the most important of the immunoglobulins found in the body. Studies indicate that all species, including man, benefit from the immune boosting properties of bovine colostrum with no reports of allergic reactions to date.

It is in a very limited supply because colostrum is only available for a day or two after calving. The needs of the newborn calf must be met first and only high quality colostrum is taken from cows that have been certified free of antibiotics, pesticides and synthetic hormones. Colostrum must be processed at low temperatures so that the immune and growth factors remain biologically viable.

In "Colostrum, Life's First Food", Dr. Daniel G. Clark's basic message, as printed on the back cover of his book, is that bovine colostrum "Rebuilds the immune system, destroys viruses, bacteria and fungi, accelerates healing of all body tissue, helps lose weight, burn fat, increase bone and lean muscle mass and slows down and even reverses ageing." According to Clark and the well-known naturopathic physician, Dr. Bernard Jensen, colostrum has a therapeutic role to play AIDS, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, allergies, herpes, bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, gingivitis , colds, the flu and much more. Colostrum has antioxidant properties, is anti-inflammatory and is a source of many vitamins, minerals, enzymes and amino acids.

"Bovine colostrum is biologically transferable to all mammals, including humans. It is much higher in immune factors than human mother's colostrum. Laboratory analyses of immune and growth factors from bovine colostrum are identical to those found in human colostrum, except that the levels of these factors are significantly higher in the bovine version."(Dr. Zoltan Rona, American Journal of Natural Medicine)

In 1983, Polish researchers discovered a small protein chain called Proline-rich Polypeptide (PRP) in colostrum. This immune factor was found to have the same ability to regulate the immune system as the hormones of the thymus gland . PRP is able to stimulate T-cell precursors to form helper T-cells, thereby promoting the immune system into action against pathogens. More impressive, however, in relation to auto-immune disease, is PRP's ability to "turn off" the immune response. It does this by telling the T-cell precursors to produce T-cell suppressor cells . These are the cells that slow down an overactive immune system, thereby stopping the attack on the body's own tissue.

"Immune factors in cow colostrum, when taken orally, are effective against disease-causing organisms in the intestinal tract. Ingestion of bovine colostrum's immunoglobulins may be a new method of providing passive immunoprotection against a host of gut-associated disease-causing antigens (viral and bacterial). "(Dr. R. McClead, et al., Pediatrics Research)

For adults, clinicians usually prescribe 1000 - 2000 mgs. twice daily of the dried, encapsulated form of colostrum, best taken on an empty stomach with 8 - 12 ounces of water.

 

Probiotics:

• As opposed to antibiotics, probiotics are beneficial bacteria that promote health and are available in capsule or powder form. They are best used to restore balance in the digestive tract. It is best to supplement extra during a bacterial infection.
• Up to 1.8 kg or 4 lb.'s of your body weight is bacteria. The average person has around 400 different types of friendly bacteria, mainly resident in the digestive tract and multiplying there. They are the first line of defence against unfriendly bacteria and other disease-producing microbes, including viruses and fungi.
• They also facilitate rapid elimination of toxic digestive wastes and improve assimilation of essential nutrients from food.
• Antibiotics destroy the disease or bad bacteria but also kill off the friendly ones as well.
• Without the friendly bacteria, the fungus Candida Albicans and other unfriendly bacteria start growing in their place.
• Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidus bacteria are the main friendly bacteria. Taking these, gives the disease causing bacteria and fungi less chance of survival. Health food stores carry capsules of the freeze dried bacteria and good grocery stores carry drinks containing the bacteria. Live yoghurt also is a good source. The capsules can be taken with food to ensure they don't get destroyed in the stomach.
• Take six or more capsules (1 billion bacterium each) daily in cases of diarrhoea or illness necessitating antibiotics
• Probiotics should be taken for at least a month after having a course of antibiotics.

 

Probiotic references:

Bianchi-Salvadori, B and R. Vesely. 1995. "Lactic acid bacteria and intestinal microflora." Microecology and Therapy 25: 247-55

Shahani et al. 1993. "Benefits of yogurt." International Journal of Immunotherapy 9(1): 65-68.

 

Immune Suppressors

Alcohol:

• Alcohol reduces the number and strength of the lymphocytes .
• Immunoglobulins IgA and IgM go up indicating that the body is reacting to alcohol which suggests that a stress is being put on the immune system.
• Research at Oregon State University has revealed that consumption of alcohol produces a zinc deficiency.
• Drinkers tend to have depleted levels of many vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin A, all the Bs, C, Magnesium, and Zinc.
• Cut down or eliminate alcohol if your immune system is low.

Coffee, Tea & Cigarettes:

• Cut down or eliminate coffee, tea & cigarettes if your immune system is low. Each suppress the immune system.

Get enough Sleep:

• One night without sleep can reduce Natural Killer cell activity by as much as 30%.
• Studies show a fall in killer cells and lymphocytes when there is no sleep or a continuous period of not getting enough sleep.

Get Enough Exercise:

• Vigorous exercise disperses corticosteroids produced during stress. If this doesn't happen, the thymus and the lymph nodes shrink, decreasing interferon and T cell production.
• Exercise improves circulation, thus increasing oxygen supply to tissues and toxic waste removal.
• The lymphatic system relies on muscular contractions to keep the lymph moving. It contains the lymphocytes which are very important to immunity and it must be kept on the move and circulating.
• Too little or too much exercise depresses the immune system.
• Excessive body weight has been shown to directly impair the function of killer T-cells and macrophages .

Get Enough Protein:

• The white blood cells are made up of proteins so getting enough is important for a strong immune system.
• Protein deficiency has been shown to reduce lymphocyte and interferon production.
• Fat and cholesterol both weaken the immune system so it is best to derive protein from lean meat or a vegetarian source.

EatMore Fruit & Veg, Don't Overeat and Cut Down On Meat.

• Test on lab animals indicated that eating fewer calories and less fat keeps the thymus gland active longer and reduces activity of T-suppressor cells so when an infection does occur, the immune system responds more vigorously.
• Roy C. Walford, PH.D., an immunologist at UCLA has found that overeating causes atrophy of the thymus gland, leading to premature weakening of the immune system.

Further references:

Ford, Norman D. 1998. "Supercharge Your Immunity."

Meek, Jennifer & Holford, Patrick. 1998. "Boost Your Immune System."

Vanderhaeghe, Lorna R. and Bouic, Patrick J. D. 2001. "The Immune System Cure."